JavaScript Object Accessors

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JavaScript Object Accessors


JavaScript Accessors (Getters and Setters)
ECMAScript 5 (ES5 2009) introduced Getter and Setters.
Getters and setters allow you to define Object Accessors (Computed
Properties).

JavaScript Getter (The get Keyword)
This example uses a lang property to get
the value of the language property.

Example

// Create an object:
const person = {
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Doe",
  language: "en",
  get lang() {
    return this.language;
  }};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;

Try it Yourself »


JavaScript Setter (The set Keyword)
This example uses a lang property to set
the value of the language property.

Example

const person = {
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Doe",
  language: "",
  set lang(lang) {
    this.language = lang;
  }};
// Set an object
property using a setter:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;

Try it Yourself »








JavaScript Function or Getter?
What is the differences between these two examples?

Example 1

const person = {
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Doe",
  fullName: function() {
    return this.firstName + " " +
this.lastName;  }
};// Display data from the object using a method:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName();
Try it Yourself »


Example 2

const person = {
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Doe",
  get fullName() {
    return this.firstName + " " +
this.lastName;  }
};// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName;
Try it Yourself »

Example 1 access fullName as a function: person.fullName().
Example 2 access fullName as a property: person.fullName.
The second example provides a simpler syntax.

Data Quality
JavaScript can secure better data quality when using getters and setters.
Using the lang property, in this example, returns the value
of the language property in upper case:

Example

// Create an object:
const person = {
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Doe",
  language: "en",
  get lang() {
    return this.language.toUpperCase();
  }};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;

Try it Yourself »

Using the lang property, in this example, stores an upper case
value in the language property:

Example

const person = {
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Doe",
  language: "",
  set lang(lang) {
    this.language = lang.toUpperCase();
  }};
// Set an object
property using a setter:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;

Try it Yourself »


Why Using Getters and Setters?

It gives simpler syntax
It allows equal syntax for properties and methods
It can secure better data quality
It is useful for doing things behind-the-scenes


Object.defineProperty()
The Object.defineProperty() method can also be used to add Getters and
Setters:

A Counter Example

// Define object
const obj = {counter : 0};
// Define setters and getters
Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
  get : function () {this.counter = 0;}});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
  get : function () {this.counter++;}});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
  get : function () {this.counter--;}});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
  set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
  set : function (value) {this.counter -= value;}});
// Play with the counter:
obj.reset;
obj.add = 5;
obj.subtract = 1;
obj.increment;
obj.decrement;

Try it Yourself »













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Reference: https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_object_accessors.asp